Introduction and aim: To evaluate the association of superficial, deep and total subcutaneous fat with coronary artery disease.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted on 122 patients with stable angina pectoris (SA). Fasting blood samples were taken to measure levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured for all patients, and coronary angiography was performed to detect coronary artery involvements; based on angiography results, participants were divided to patients with (n=73) and without coronary artery disease (n=50). Three days later patients underwent abdominal computerized scan (CT) to determine superficial, deep and total subcutaneous fat. To evaluate the possible correlation between superficial, deep and total subcutaneous fat and coronary artery disease, pearson correlation test was used initially and then linear regression test was used for adjusting age and sex as well as history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslepidemia.Results: Of one hundred and twenty-two patients, mean age of 52.5±7.6 y, 73 patients had coronary artery involvements superficial (b=1, P=0.94) and deep (b=1, P=0.91). After adjusting for age and sex as well as history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslepidemia, no significant association was found between CAD and subcutaneous fat tissue.Conclusion: No association was found between different kinds of subcutaneous fat and coronary artery disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the subcutaneous tissue responses to MTAD (mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent), 17% EDTA, and 2.6% NaOCl.Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Test solutions were injected subcutaneously into predetermined areas on the animal dorsum. The rats were then randomly divided into three groups of twelve each and sacrificed at 2 hours, 2 days, and 2 weeks. The severity of inflammation induced by each irrigant at different time intervals was assessed histologically. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests.Results: The difference in severity of inflammatory reactions induced by tested irrigants at the different time intervals was statically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the severity of inflammation induced by MTAD and 2.6% NaOCl at the various time intervals (P>0.05). Subcutaneous tissue responses to MTAD were not different from those observed in 17% EDTA specimens at 2-hour and 2-day intervals (P>0.05).Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, MTAD has the same toxicity as 2.6% NaOCl.

Background and Objective: Dental materials that are used for fixation in deciduous pulpotomy have adverse reactions such as toxicity and carcinogenic and mutaginic effects. Severe efforts are focused on substitution of these materials with safer ones. It has been reported that herbal medicines have useful clinical effects. It has been shown that the SUAB1 and SUAB2 had a lower cytotoxicity than formocresol.To compare the in vivo histocompatibility of SUAB1 and SUAB2 in subcutaneous tissue of rat.Materials and Methods: The study design was descriptive- analytical. Twenty-one rats with an average weight of 350 grams were used. SUAB1 and SUAB2 were separately placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted in the dorsal subdermal tissue. After intervals of one, two, and four weeks, animals were sacrificed. The implant materials with surrounding tissue were removed and collected in 10% buffered formalin solution for histopathologic evaluation. Capsule thickness, inflammation intensity, angiogenesis, necrosis and calcification were studied on paraffin-embedded sections. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5). The Friedman and kruskall-wallis statistical tests were used.Results: Statistically significant difference in capsule thickness, intensity and extent of inflammation, angiogenesis, necrosis and calcification was observed between SUAB1 and SUAB2 groups.Conclusion: Capsule thickness, intensity of inflammation and calcification was higher in SUAB1 group than SUAB2.

Fetal Macrosomia was defined as birth weight greater than 4000g. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in fetal macrosomia.If we predict of fetal macrosomia, prevention of its complications are possible. In a prospective study 3oo full term fetus among pregnant women that refered to the radiology department of AL-Zahra hospital for pregnancy sonography was sekcted. Fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness was meassured in the anterior third of the abdominal circumference.There were 294 normal size and 6 macrosomic fentses. The fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness ranged between 3 and 14 mm. in all fetuses with a mean measurement of 6.68 mm ± 1.77 S.D. The mean soft tissue thickness differed significantly between normal and macrosomic fetuses (6.57 mm ± 1.6 S.D verS1LS 12mm ± 1.41 S.D). The pearson correlation coefficient was cakulated (r=0.863 P<0.0001). The results of this study show, presence of direct relationship between the thickness of fetal subcutanous tissue and fetal weight, and measurement of this thickness in the full term pregnant woman could be used as a sonographic parameter for intrauterine diagnosis of macrosomia.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the subcutaneous tissue responses of freshly mixed or set endodontic root canal sealers (i.e. RoekoSeal, AH26, AH Plus) in Wistar Albino rats.Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male albino rats weighing 200-250g were used. The animals were randomly divided into six groups of 12 rats each. Root canal sealers were implanted in subcutaneous tissue in both freshly mixed and set conditions. The animals were sacrificed after 7, 14, and, 60 days. After histological preparation and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, the specimens were evaluated for capsule thickness, severity and extent of inflammation, and necrosis. Results were statistically analyzed using Multivariate ANOVA test.Results: Differences between set and freshly mixed root canal sealers were significant (P=0.014), but not significant between test materials and controls, except for capsule thickness and extent of inflammation between control and AH26 (P=0.019 and P=0.006 respectively). The interaction between the type of material and setting condition was significant for capsule thickness and severity of inflammation in AH26 specimens at 14 and 60 day (P=0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study assessing the biocompatibility, both set and freshly mixed states can be used.

Introduction: The postoperative complications of a subcutaneous hematoma, seruma, or infection often delay hospital discharge and require interceptive techniques that include evacuation, debridement and restoration of damaged tissue. Closure of the dead space in subcutaneous tissues is one of the methods to minimize wound infection after cesarean delivery. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the role of subcutaneous tissue closure with its non- closure of wound in infection after cesarean delivery.Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective randomized clinical trial. It assessed the risk of wound infection in females undergoing an elective or emergency cesarean section. Research population was 336 pregnant women who were divided randomly into two equal groups for closure or non- closure of subcutaneous tissue during the cesarean section. All women were given prophylactic antibiotics routinely. Outcome under study in present research was wound infection, which was diagnosed by emergence of signs such as discharge, swelling, tenderness, redness hardness of excision spots. Chi- square test and SPSS.9 software was used for assessment of the data. Results: Findings of this study indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic, obstetric and surgical characteristics. Extents of wound infection after the cesarean section were 11.3% (no=19) in the group with closed subcutaneous tissue and 6.5% (no=11) in the group of non- closed subcutaneous tissue.Conclusion: It appears that there is no significant benefit in using a subcutaneous stitch closure in comparison with non- closure of it in cesarean section.

Background/Objectives: Growth retardation and macrosomia are associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality. We assessed the usefulness of sonographic measurement of abdominal subcuta-neous tissue thickness in estimating birth weight. Materials and Methods: Abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness was measured sono-graphically in 300 fetuses between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation. The median time between sonographic examination and delivery was 11 days. The weight of newborns was measured immediately after delivery.Results: The mean soft tissue thickness was significantly higher in macrosomic than normal fetuses (12.0±1.4 mm versus 6.6±1.6 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness and birth weight (r = 0.86, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Sonographic examination of the fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness is useful for estimating birth weight.